11. Drawing Rectangles

Learn how to draw rectangles on the screen.

11.1 Drawing Rectangles

• To draw a rectangle, create a Rect class object and call its .draw() method
• Rect is created as follows:
  • Specify top-left coordinates (x, y), width w, height h as Rect{ x, y, w, h } (rectangle)
  • Specify top-left coordinates (x, y), side length s as Rect{ x, y, s } (square)
  • All values are specified as integers (int32)

Drawing Rectangles

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		Rect{ 20, 40, 400, 100 }.draw();

		Rect{ 100, 200, 80 }.draw(Palette::Orange);

		Rect{ 400, 300, 360, 260 }.draw(ColorF{ 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 });
	}
}

11.2 Drawing Rectangles (Floating Point Numbers)

• When you want to handle coordinates and sizes with double type, use RectF instead of Rect
• RectF is created as follows:
  • Specify top-left coordinates (x, y), width w, height h as RectF{ x, y, w, h } (rectangle)
  • Specify top-left coordinates (x, y), side length s as RectF{ x, y, s } (square)
  • Values are specified as integers or floating point numbers (double)
• In the following sample, Scene::Time() returns the elapsed time (in seconds) since the application started as a double type. This value multiplied by 20.0 is used as the rectangle width for drawing

Drawing a Rectangle with Width Changing Over Time

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		const double w = (Scene::Time() * 20.0);

		RectF{ 0, 250, w, 100 }.draw();
	}
}

• Since w is a double type, using Rect instead of RectF would cause a compile error

11.3 Creating Rectangles by Specifying Center

• When you want to create a rectangle by specifying the center coordinates instead of the top-left, do the following:
  • Rect{ Arg::center(x, y), w, h }
  • Rect{ Arg::center(x, y), s }
  • Rect{ Arg::center = pos, w, h }
  • Rect{ Arg::center = pos, s }
  • The same applies to RectF

Drawing Rectangles with Center Coordinate Specification

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		Rect{ Arg::center(100, 100), 180 }.draw();

		Rect{ Arg::center(400, 300), 300, 100 }.draw(Palette::Orange);

		Rect{ Arg::center = Cursor::Pos(), 200 }.draw(ColorF{ 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 0.8 });
	}
}

11.4 Drawing Rectangle Outlines

• When you want to draw only the outline of a rectangle, use .drawFrame() instead of .draw()
• .drawFrame() can be written in two ways:
  • .drawFrame(thickness, color)
  • .drawFrame(inner thickness, outer thickness, color)
• Inner and outer directions represent thickness toward the inside and outside from the reference circle, and the final thickness is the sum of both
• Specify values of 0.0 or greater for all thicknesses
• When color is omitted, it becomes white like with .draw()

Drawing Rectangle Outlines

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		Rect{ Arg::center(100, 100), 180 }.drawFrame(10);

		Rect{ 400, 300, 200 }.drawFrame(8, 0, Palette::Seagreen);

		Rect{ 100, 300, 400, 200 }.drawFrame(0, 4, ColorF{ 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 });
	}
}

11.5 Vertical Gradients

• When you want to gradient the rectangle color vertically, use the following .draw():
  • .draw(Arg::top = top color, Arg::bottom = bottom color)
  • You can also write Arg::top(r, g, b), Arg::top(gray), Arg::top(r, g, b, a), Arg::top(gray, a)
• The order of top and bottom cannot be swapped

Drawing Rectangles with Vertical Gradients

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		Rect{ 0, 0, 600, 500 }
			.draw(Arg::top = ColorF{ 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 }, Arg::bottom = ColorF{ 0.5, 0.9, 0.7 });

		Rect{ 660, 40, 80, 520 }
			.draw(Arg::top(1.0), Arg::bottom(0.0));
	}
}

11.6 Horizontal Gradients

• When you want to gradient the rectangle color horizontally, use the following .draw():
  • .draw(Arg::left = left color, Arg::right = right color)
  • You can also write Arg::left(r, g, b), Arg::left(gray), Arg::left(r, g, b, a), Arg::left(gray, a)
• The order of left and right cannot be swapped

Drawing Rectangles with Horizontal Gradients

# include <Siv3D.hpp>

void Main()
{
	while (System::Update())
	{
		Rect{ 0, 0, 600, 500 }
			.draw(Arg::left = ColorF{ 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 }, Arg::right = ColorF{ 0.5, 0.9, 0.7 });

		Rect{ 660, 40, 80, 520 }
			.draw(Arg::left(1.0), Arg::right(0.0));
	}
}

Review Checklist

• Learned to create Rect and draw rectangles with .draw()
• Learned to use RectF when handling position and size with double type
• Learned how to create rectangles by specifying center coordinates
• Learned how to draw rectangle outlines using .drawFrame()
• Learned how to draw rectangles with vertical or horizontal gradients